こちらに以下のWikipedia記事 英語版を作成しました（偏見や”F*ck you” など他の編集者に対する暴言で知られるFuture Perfect at Sunrise (Lukas Pietsch)により削除）。ぜひページの再作成・充実にご協力ください。The following content I submitted to Wikipedia was speedily deleted by admin Future Perfect at Sunrise (Lukas Pietsch) who is apparently well-known for his biases and verbal attacks against other prominent editors; he also banned me and deleted my user page there and then for editing the blatant and disprovable propaganda at the start of the Wiki entry “Comfort women”, such as “girls” “forced into sexual slavery”. This is not the first time my submissions were speed-deleted, but this really convinced me that Wikipedia gives individual admins without much credibility too much power. It is looking more and more like a place for propaganda and impingement upon free speech.

 

Asahi Shimbun’s “Comfort Women” Coverage Issue refers to the fabrication accusations and retractions of Asahi Shimbun‘s articles concerning war-time sex workers called “comfort women” which were based on Seiji Yoshida‘s novel and testimonies which the writer later admitted to be fictional.

Development

Seiji Yoshida and Asahi Shimbun

Main article: Seiji Yoshida

In 1977, Seiji Yoshida, a self-proclaimed[1] mobilization director of the Army Labor Relations Committee (陸軍労務報告会下関支部動員部長), published “Korean Comfort Women and the Japanese (朝鮮人慰安婦と日本人)” (publisher: 新人物往来社), alleging that following military orders, he forcibly took women from Jeju Island and made them so-called “comfort women”. In a 1982 Sakhalin Koreans trial led by Ken’ichi Takagi, Yoshida testified on his “Korean slave hunting” in Jeju; however, the counsel on behalf of the Japanese government did not request a cross-examination.[2]

On September 2, 1982, Asahi Shimbun’s Osaka edition published an article entitled “Korean Woman: I was abducted too; Former mobilization director testifies; Forcibly with violence; Sense of concern breaks her 37 years of silence (朝鮮の女性 私も連行 元動員指揮者が証言 暴行加え無理やり 37年ぶり危機感で沈黙破る)” on page 22.

In addition, Yoshida published “My War Crime – Forcibly Taken Koreans (私の戦争犯罪―朝鮮人強制連行)” (publisher: 三一書房) wherein he alleged that he had abducted 200 women from Jeju in July 1983.[3] In December 1983, he visited Korea to build an apology monument in Cheonan City with his private expense, where he performed dogeza.[4]

On November 10, 1983, Asahi Shimbun introduced Yoshida’s activities towards building “apology monuments” in its “People” column of the morning edition. Historian Saburō Ienaga highly praised Yoshida’s writings[5][6].

Following the publication of a Korean translation of Yoshida’s book in 1989, the Jeju Newspaper on Jeju Island issued an articles by reporter 許栄善 on August 14, 1989, which cited a testimony of an 85-year-old woman of Jeju Island claiming: “If 15 people had been forcibly taken from our small village which only had around 250 houses, it would have become a huge problem, but no such thing happened then”, criticizing Yoshida’s book as “lacking testimonies to support his claims”.[7][8] In the same article, Jeju Island’s historian Kim Pok-Tong (金奉玉) also said that years of a follow-up survey proved Yoshida’s testimonies to be false, criticizing his book as “a product of a frivolous commercial intentions that show the Japanese vices”.[9][3]

On June 6, 1990, at the House of Councilors Budget Committee, Tsutao Shimizu (清水伝雄) of the Ministry of Labor said that there was no fact that comfort women were forcibly taken as a target of recruitment, but instead, private agents took those people around, following the army[10], which sparked outrage in South Korea, leading to the establishment of 挺身隊対策協議会 by 尹貞玉. Ikuhiko Hata maintains that the Yoshida Testimonies was the initiator of 挺対協[11]. The self-proclaimed former comfort woman Kim Bok-sun admits that she came out following the Yoshida Testimonies [12][13]. Afterwards, many women followed suit to claim that they too were comfort women, demanding apologies and compensations from the Japanese government (See: アジア太平洋戦争韓国人犠牲者補償請求事件、釜山従軍慰安婦・女子勤労挺身隊公式謝罪等請求訴訟、在日韓国人元従軍慰安婦謝罪・補償請求事件).

In March, 1992, historian Ikuhiko Hata conducted a field survey on Jeju Island, acquiring testimonies such as “Males were recruited, but no comfort women hunting was ever conducted” by an elderly man in 城山浦 and discovering 許栄善’s arcticle on teh Jeju Newspaper. on Sankei Shimbun on April 30, 1992, and on the “Seiron (正論)” journal’s June 1992 edition[14]. Later in 1996, Yoshida admitted that his writings were a mixture of fact and his imagination, saying that “You can’t make money just writing facts in a book.”[15][16][17] On March 31, 1997, Asahi Shimbun posted an article stating that no testimony was found to support Yoshida’s writings, and so it was impossible to verify the credibility,[18] but they did not issue any correction article.[19]

According to Lee Yong-hoon of Seoul University, the Yoshida Testimonies critically contributed to the formation of the collective memories of Koreans today. In the survey report on the “actual situation of the Imperial Japanese military comfort women” by the Korean government on July 31, 1992, Yoshida’s book was used as evidence, which has not been corrected since.[17] The Yoshida Testimonies were also adopted as evidence in the United Nation7s 1996 Coomaraswamy reports.[20]

On September 5, 2012, the Chosun Ilbo also introduced Yoshida’s notes, insisting that “this book is enough to demonstrate the compulsory recruitment of Imperial Japan’s comfort women”.[21]

Other 1980’s coverage

On November 2, 1984, Asahi Shimbun published an interview with a self-proclaimed former comfort woman entitled “I am a former comfort woman — A Korean lady’s trace of life (私は元従軍慰安婦　韓国婦人の生きた道)”. The article included such lines as “Forcibly taken by Japanese policemen — Removed from own country at age 21 (邦人巡査が強制連行　21歳故国引き離される)”.

In addition, Yomiuri Shimbun also published on August 14, 1987, on the 13th page of its Tokyo evening edition, alleging: Comfort women were women who worked in the ’army entertainment center’ that the former Japanese army set up in the battlefield during the Japan-China War and the Pacific War. The number of women who became comfort women from 1933 until the end of the war is said to be anywhere from 200,000 to 300,000. Many women were fooled into becoming comfort women, and many maidens were almost forcibly taken. Especially since 1942, the girls on the Korean Peninsula were taken to battle fields against their will to serve the soldiers. They slept with dozens of soldiers a day in temporary huts of the battlefield where bullets flew. While their existence was regarded as extremely unusual in the world history of war, its system and reality were never disclosed.

1991 coverage

On May 22, 1991, Asahi Shimbun Osaka again introduced the Yoshida Testimonies in an article entitled “Forcibly mobilized swinging wooden swords (木剣ふるい無理やり動員)“.

Furthermore, on August 11, 1991, Asahi Shimbun’s Takashi Uemura (植村隆), a Korea correspondent residing in Seoul, published an article entitled “A former Korean comfort woman hesitantly speaks after a half century  (元朝鮮人従軍慰安婦　戦後半世紀重い口開く)”. The article alleged that a former comfort woman named Kim Hak-sun was “forcibly taken to war zones in the name of the Women’s Volunteer Labour Corps“. At the time, the interview team of their Tokyo headquarters was headed by jounalist Hayami Ichikawa.[22]

On August 15, 1991, South Korea’s Hankyore newspaper reported that Kim was “sold away by her parents”.[3] Inconsistencies in Kim’s testimonies during trials were also starting to be pointed out.[23] Tsutomu Nishioka (西岡力) stated that a series of Asahi Shimbun’s reports were erroneous.[24] However, Asahi Shimbun’s “comfort women” coverage were then spread in South Korea, leading to increasing anti-Japanese sentiments that would evolve into political issues between the two countries.

During that time, South Korea broadcasted a drama titled “Eyes of Dawn[25]” (based on Kim Seong-jong) that MBC broadcast launched with the budget of 2 billion won[26] from October 7, 1991 to February 6, 1992, which recorded the highest rating of 58.4% domestically. In the story, the heroine was taken to the Japanese army as a comfort woman, and scenes of Japanese soldiers using the comfort station and abusing Korean soldiers were aired to fuel their anti-Japanese sentiment. The original was Kinjon novel, which was serialized in Korea’s Nikkan Sports Newspaper from October 1975.

Again on October 10th, Asahi Shimbun Osaka claimed that “many comfort women were married, and they were taken as their children try to cling onto them“[27][28]. In Hokkaido Shimbun issued on 22 November of the same year, Yoshida claimed that he had “hunted [Koren women] like African slave hunting“[28]. Yoshida gave speeches in South Korea and the United States, which were covered by the international media[29].

On December 6, 1991, Mizuho Fukushima, Ken’ichi Takagi, and others filed a damages claim against the Japanese government for the first time, seeking compensation for comfort women (戦争韓国人犠牲者補償請求事件, rejected by the Supreme Court 2004)[30]. In its coverage, Asahi Shimbun tailored the comlaint from “sold by parents to become a kisaeng” to “the Japanese army forcibly took comfort women as the Women’s Volunteer Corps“[30]; this alteration was matched by Fukushima and others changing the complaint to “forcibly taken by the army[31]“. According to the then-NHK staff Nobuo Ikeda, Fukushima and Takagi et al. found Kim Hak-sun in South Korea to act as a plaintif, and sold the story to NHK. At the NHK studios, they went on to lecture Kim to say “I was sold by my parents to become a kisaeng, and my father-in-law took me to a comfort women station”. At this point, their am was a compensation for the salary paid in the military currency that was invalidated as a result of Japan’s defeat[31].

1992 coverage

On January 11, 1992, just before Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa‘s visit to South Korea, Asahi Shimbun reported on its front page: “documents indicating military involvemnt in comfort stations”, “establishment directed to units; control and supervision including recruitment”, and “government’s opinion stumbles”. These documents were “discovered” by Yoshiaki Yoshimi. However, Ikuhiko Hata points out that “it was a well-known fact among researchers that the documents relating to comfort women were included in 陸支密大日記“[32]. In the evening edition of the same day, Asahi Shimbun published a Seoul Branch telegram saying “the South Korean media issues coverage citing Asahi reports”[33]. In this report, Asahi Shimbun alleged that: “During the 1930’s, there were many rape incidents by Japanese soldiers in China. To suppress anti-Japan sentiments and to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, comfort stations were established. Testimonies by former military men and doctors assert that 80% of such comfort women were Koreans. During the Pacific War, women mainly of Korean national were forcibly taken in the name of Women’s Volunteer Corps. Some say there were 80,000 of them, some say 200,000“.

In the editorial on January 12, Asahi Shimbun asserted that “we shall not turn a blind eye to our history”, expressing that it expected Miyazawa’s “productive moves”. The Japan Times issued an article wherein Foreign Minister Michio Watanabe‘s statement “We must admit that some kind of involvement was there” on an evening TV program on January 11 was deliberately misinterpreted to: “Japanese government officials acknowledged for the first time that Japanese army employed forced prostitution of hundreds of thousands of Asian comfort women during wartime“[33].

On January 13, Chief Cabinet Secretary Koichi Kato announced a discourse of “apology and reflection”[3].

On January 14th, the Korean media, misunderstanding and distorting the facts involving the Women’s Volunteer Corps, reported “the brutality of the Japanese Emperor who even forced stdents of national schools into becoming comfort women“[3]. On the same day, Miyazawa stated that “I acknowledge the involvent of the army, and I would like to offer my apology”[33].

On January 16th, Miyazawa visited South Korea where escalating anti-Japan protests involved burning dolls of Emperor of Japan[33], and apologized eight times during the top-level conference, promising to “investigate the truth”[3]. Masaharu Shimokawa of Mainichi Shimbun‘s Seoul branch criticized Miyazawa’s press conference as “the most impolite” he had ever seen[34].

In August 2014, Asahi Shimbun issued a correction article for a series of its own “forced enslavement of comfort women” reports that had long been left uncorrected even after Yoshida admitted his own testimonies to be fabricated and errors in Takashi Uemura’s aforementioned 1991 articles were pointed out. However, it did not issue an apology until September of the same year where an official correction and apology press conference was held with the attendance of Asahi’s president. Asahi Shimbun’s long refusal to correct their coverage has been criticized as having “factualized” the allegations of “forced enslavement of comfort women” among the international community, which as led to several lawsuits against Asahi Shimbun.

On March 31, 1997, Asahi Shimbun published an article which admits that “the validity of Yoshida’s writings cannot be confirmed because no testimony has been found to support it”[35], but it did not issue any correction article[36].

2014 retraction of 16 articles on comfort women by Asahi Shimbun

On 5 August 2014, Asahi Shimbun issued a verification article (pages 16-17) entitled “Thinking about comfort women problems (慰安婦問題を考える)” and “Answering the reader’s questions (読者の疑問に答えます)” on the so-called “comfort women issue”.

Retraction of Yoshida Testimonies

In August 2014, Asahi Shimbun admitted that Yoshida’s testimonies were fabricated and retracted its articles[37]. According to Asahi, at least 16 articles were confirmed to have been issued from the point of the first publication of Yoshida’s article on Sepetmber 2nd, 1982. Asahi alleged that after Sankei Shimbun’s criticism of Yoshida Testimonies validity written by Hata and a series of criticism and reports that Asahi’s featured article of March 31, 1997 was a fabrication, on April 30, 1992, it asked for an interview with Yoshida, which Yoshida refused and answered that he “wrote his own actual experience” on the phone, after which it did not issue any Yoshida-related article. In addition, Asahi provided a time-lined explanation which included Liberal Democratic Party President Shinzo Abe’s remark that “the de-facto fraudster” Yoshida’s book was repeatedly cited by Asahi’s erroneous articles as if it dealt with facts, contributing to the development of this issue (November 2012, at the party leader debate held by Japan National Press Club), declaring that “No Evidence Found for ‘Jeju Forced Recruitment’ Testimonies, Confirmed Fabrication”, stating that “after hearings with about 40 Jeju residents in their 70’s – 90’s conducted from April – May 2014, no testimony was obtained that supported Yoshida’s forced recruitment claims”. It also stated that “at the time, we were unable to see through the fabricated testimonies”[38][39][40][41].

According to Yoshida’s eldest son, his wife did not keep a diary (which Yoshida insisted included the Western District Army‘s mobilization order). In addition, Yoshida stated during a meeting with Yoshiaki Yoshimi of Chuo University in May, 1993 that “I sometimes changed around the dates and places of forced recruitments”[37].

Confusion of comfort women and the Women’s Volunteer Corps

In another article issued on the same day, the newspaper explained that their lack of research at the time contributed to their confusion of the Women’s Volunteer Corps and the comfort women in their reports.

Apology conference

On September 11, 2014, Asahi Shimbun’s then-President Tadakazu Kimura and then-Chief Editorial Director hold an apology conference over the correction of their past articles. In relation to their coverage of the Yoshida Paper (吉田調書) issued on May 20 of the same year, they corrected that the report claining workers withdrew against the orders was erroneous. During this conference, they also added an apology for the lack of official apology in the correction article issued on August 5 of the same year which had stated that the Yoshida Testmonies relating to comfort women were fabricated[42]. Asahi Shimbun also expressed apologies in the September 13 editorial and the front-page column[43].

32 years after the fist article of their series of Yoshida coverage, on September 29, 2014, Asahi Shimbun’s morning edition issued another explanation stating that[44][45]:

  • Starting from the first article on Yoshida issued on September 2, 1982, by Asahi Shimbun Osaka, 16 articles relating to this topic were issued.
  • The former reporter who was presumed to have written the first article based on a speech Yoshida gave in Japan that he attended. However, the reporter’s travel history proved that he was not in Japan on the date of the speech. The former reporter mistakenly thought he had written the first article, but he later wrote several.
  • Another former reporter who had written just one Yoshida Article once came out saying he might be the one that wrote the first article.

Retraction and apology by Shimbun Akahata

Following Asahi Shimbun’s August 5 featured article, on September 27, 2014, Shimbun Akahata of the Japanese Communist Party verified their own coverage. It went on to issue an apology and correction, stating that it had published 3 articles from 1992 to 93 on the “Yoshida Testimonies” and his book without evidence[46][47]。

Outside of its own news articles, Asahi Shimbun has covered the “comfort women issue” 15 times in its “Tensei Jingo” column and 480 times in the “readers’ comments” selectively choosing those that support its own claims.[48] It issued an apology in both Tensei Jingo and its editorial on September 13th, 2014[49].

On December 23, 2014, additional two articles based on interviews with Yoshida that alleged that he “went to the Korean Peninsula about twice and joined the ‘Korean hunting'” were retracted, making the total number of retracted articles 18.[50][51]

Aftermath

“Comfort women issue” propagated internationally by Asahi Shimbun

For a long time after Yoshida admitted to his writings being entirely fictional, Asahi Shimbun did not correct or retract their articles alleging that the comfort women were forced sexual slaves. It has been pointed out that this inaction has led to the international development of the so-called “comfort women issue”, which is echoed by Shinzō Abe, the current Prime Minister of Japan, who openly criticized Asahi Shimbun along with Yoshida who he called “a de facto con man”[52]. However, Asahi Shimbun continues to propagate the comfort women as “forced sex slaves” in their English versions.

Takashi Uemura’s Asahi Shimbun article and “Women’s Volunteer Corps”

The credibility of the “Yoshida Testimonies” which were thought to be the major basis for the comfort women forced recruitment claims began to be lost under closer scrutinies after Yoshida himself admitted in 1996 that the “dates” and “places” were fictional. A conservative who denies forced recruitment of comfort women criticized Asahi Shimbun which has actively covered the Yoshida Testimonies, asserting that its comfort women coverage distorted historical facts, and that Uemura of Asahi Shimbun, the write of the article who was knowledgeable in the Korean language, “omitted the word ‘kisaeng‘ (a prostitute) included in Kim Hak-sun’s testimony, and instead, inserted the line ‘taken to battlefields in the name of the Women’s Volunteer Corps’ that she did not actually say, which is an intentional information manipulation”[53].

On 5 August 2014, Asahi Shimbun explained that “the Women’s Volunteer Corps” was entirely different from comfort women, but because comfort women were not studied in depth back then, the documents that their reporter (Takashi Uemura) used confused comfort women and the Volunteer Corps, leading to Uemura’s erraneous report[54]. Afterwards, Uemura and his family were flooded with threats and criticism[55][56], which propmted Uemura to issue his note titled “慰安婦問題捏造記者と呼ばれて (Being called a fabricator of comfort the women issue)” on Bungei Shunjū January edition. In this note, he detailed the process of the interviews with Kim Hak-sun and the content of the recorded tape, denying Tsutomu Nishioka’s “information provided by his Korean mother-in-law Yang Sun-im” theory, and insisting that Yang was innocent of the fraud charges, and there were covert news gathering and secret filming by Yomiuri Shimbun and Weekly Shinchō, among others [57].

For 32 years, Asahi Shimbun continued to ignore such criticism. However, in August 2014, it retracted some articles based on the Yoshida Testimonies as well as Uemura’s article, stating that it would investigate its own coverage of comfort women. d the article based on Yoshida’s testimony and the article by Uemura as verifying the company’s comfort women coverage. This retraction caused a major social response. In September of the same year, Asahi Shimbun held a press conference attended by its president, explainning the development of the issue and offering an official apology.

Verification

Verification by the Third Party Committee

“The Third Party Committee” which Asahi Shimbun established to verify the validity of their own reports concluded that “the evidence for their assertion of the violent and systematic abduction of women by the Japanese army” was not conclusive, and that “Asahi Shimbun and other Japanese media endorsed the extreme discourse on comfort women in South Korea, heightening the anti-Japanese sentiments in South Korea”[58]. While it has been pointed out that the report of the Third Party Committee is focused too much on self-defense, some of the media home and abroad reported with the following headlines:

Reactions of domestic and international media to the Asahi “Third Party Committee” report[52]
Media outlets Headlines
The Guardian No evidence Japan sex slaves coverage harmed country’s image, say experts [1]
The Washington Post Asahi is not responsible for Japan criticism
Reuters Japanese daily promises reform after ‘comfort women’ coverage rebuked [2]
Mainichi Shimbun Asahi comfort women verification: Third party-committee report “distinct self-defense” (朝日慰安婦検証:「自己弁護が目立つ」第三者委報告書)
Sankei Shimbun Third-party committee issues report acknowledging “international influence” (第三者委が「国際的影響」認める報告書)
Yomiuri Shimbun Asahi’s comfort women coverage “deceives readers’ trust”, says third-party committee (朝日の慰安婦報道「読者の信頼裏切る」第三者委)

Yomiuri Shimbun reports the development and influences of the Asahi coverage on the international community as follows: The Yoshida Testimonies published on Asahi Shimbun, along with Uemura’s “comfort women forced recruitment” article, were covered by the South Korean media, spreading to the international community by the late 1990s. International resolutions and reports that adopted the Yoshida Testimonies include the Coomaraswamy Report of the 1996 United Nations Human Rights Committee, the 1998 McDougall Report, the 2007 United States House of Representatives House Resolution 121, among others. In the process of the international spread of the Asahi claims, the South Korean media quoted its coverage, giving rise to criticism against Japan in the Korean public, which in turn was reported by the Asahi Shimbun, wherein a form of “resonance” in the tones of Asahi and South Korea’s public opinion was observed[59].

Independent Verification Committee

Also on February 19, 2015, “the Independent Verification Committee” which had externally examined Asahi Shimbun’s comfort women coverage published its report which stated that such coverage was “forced recruitment propaganda” which spread false information across the international community, damaging Japan’s national prestige[60][61][62].

Template:脚注ヘルプ

  1. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 229
  2. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 26
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 “慰安婦にまつわる年表”. A website that revisits so-called comfort women based on historical facts (いわゆる従軍慰安婦について歴史の真実から再考するサイト). WAC Magazines. Retrieved 2010-03-08. 
  4. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 235・242
  5. ↑ “戦争責任” Iwanami Shoten, 1985, pp104-107, p241
  6. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, pp. 240-242
  7. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, pp. 232-233
  8. ↑ Tsutomu Nishioka. “慰安婦Q&A、「韓国・北朝鮮の嘘を見破る」ISBN:4166605208 pp.124-132「「従軍慰安婦は日本軍に連行された」と言われたら」”. Edited by Chung Dae-kyun (鄭大均), Hiroshi Furuta (古田博司) Bunegisuhnjū. WAC Magazines. Retrieved 2010-03-12. 
  9. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 233
  10. ↑ 第１１８回国会　予算委員会　第１９号
  11. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 247
  12. ↑ Ittoku Yanagihara (柳原一徳) “軍慰安婦問題と戦後五十年” Mogawa Shuppan, 1995, p39
  13. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, pp. 247-248
  14. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, pp. 232-234
  15. ↑ Shūkan Shinchō, 1996 May 2, 9 editions
  16. ↑ Shokun! 1998 November edition
  17. 1 2 秦郁彦 1999, p. 246
  18. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 238
  19. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, p. 240
  20. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, pp. 246-247
  21. ↑ Park Jeong-hoon (朴正薫) (2012-09-05). “태평로 조선인 위안부 ‘사냥’을 고백한 일본인” (in Korean). Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 2012-09-09. 
  22. ↑ Katsuhiro Kuroda (黒田勝弘), Hayami Ichikawa (市川速水) “朝日VS.産経　ソウル発” Asahi Shinshio, 2006 :43
  23. ↑ See: Kim Hak-sun (EN), 金学順 (JP)
  24. ↑ See: 植村隆. Tsutomu Nishioka “<慰安婦問題>とは何だったのか” Bungeishunjū, 1992 April edition.
  25. ↑ 여명의 눈동자
  26. ↑ 野平俊水 韓国ドラマ「日本嫌い」事情　えっ、ヨン様までが反日!? 『諸君!』 2004 August edition, Bungeishunjū
  27. ↑ “女たちの太平洋戦争” Asahi Shimbun, 1991-2
  28. 1 2 秦郁彦 1999, p. 236
  29. ↑ [1] Aug 8, 1992
  30. 1 2 池田信夫 (2012-08-24). “日韓関係をこじらせた「河野談話」の訂正が必要だ”. Newsweek Japanese edition. Retrieved 2012-09-06. 
  31. 1 2 “慰安婦問題の「主犯」は福島瑞穂弁護士”. Archived from the original on 2012-08-18. Retrieved 2013-06-08. 
  32. ↑ 秦郁彦 1999, pp. 11-13
  33. 1 2 3 4 秦郁彦 1999, p. 13
  34. ↑ 記者の目 日韓関係 (Mainichi Shimbun, Sep 9, 1993)
  35. ↑ 秦1999,p238
  36. ↑ 秦1999,p240
  37. 1 2 “「済州島で連行」証言 裏付け得られず虚偽と判断”. Asahi Shimbun Digital. 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-05. 
  38. ↑ Asahi Shimbun, Aug 5, 2014, 13 edition, p16
  39. ↑ “朝日慰安婦報道　「吉田証言」ようやく取り消し”. Yomiuri Shimbun. 2014-08-06. Archived from the original on 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-07. 
  40. ↑ “朝日新聞、慰安婦問題で一部反省　吉田証言「虚偽と判断し記事取り消します」”. Sankei Shimbun. 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-07. 
  41. ↑ “朝日新聞元記者　従軍慰安婦の虚報招いた吉田清治氏の嘘告発”. Yūkan Fuji. 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-07. 
  42. ↑ 読売新聞2014年9月12日13S2・3・4・6・38・38面
  43. ↑ 読売新聞夕刊2014年9月13日3版12面
  44. ↑ 読売新聞夕刊2014年9月29日12面
  45. ↑ “初報の執筆者は別人　朝日が記事をさらに訂正”. MSN産経ニュース. 2014-09-29.  初回を書かなかった元記者2014年時点で66歳。
  46. ↑ [2] Shimbun Akahata
  47. ↑ Yomiuri Shimbun, Sep 30, 2014, 13S edition, p38
  48. ↑ “「天声人語」は15回も「従軍慰安婦」を取り上げていた”. Sankei Shimbun. 2014-08-30. Retrieved 2014-10-01. 
  49. ↑ “「朝日新聞おわび連発…うわべの謝罪は不要、自ら蒔いた「強制連行」の誤解を世界で取り消せ”. Sankei Shimbun. 2014-09-21. Retrieved 2014-10-01. 
  50. ↑ “朝日が記事本取り消し 慰安婦報道、計18本に”. 47NEWS. Kyodo News. 2014-12-24. Retrieved 2015-03-02. 
  51. ↑ “朝日新聞、慰安婦報道関連記事2本取り消し 計18本に”. Nihon Keizai Shimbun. 2014-12-24. Retrieved 2015-03-02. 
  52. 1 2 “朝日の慰安婦誤報、”日本の評判悪化に責任なし”と海外紙　産経は”国際的影響”強調”. NewSphere. Dec 24, 2014. 
  53. ↑ 救う会の西岡力副会長が2005年1月24日に発表した「朝日新聞にまず問いたいこと」という一文, Yoshinori Kobayashi『新ゴーマニズム宣言』vol. 4 (Shōgakukan, 1997)
  54. ↑ Aug 5, 2014, Asahi Shimbun
  55. ↑ “娘の写真がさらされ、’自殺するまで追い込むしかない’ 慰安婦報道の植村元朝日記者、ネットでの誹謗中傷明かす” J-CAST News, Jan 9 (fri) https://twitter.com/search?q=%E6%A4%8D%E6%9D%91%E3%80%80%E8%84%85%E8%BF%AB%E3%80%80%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F&src=typd
  56. ↑ “北星学園大にまた脅迫文　朝日元記者が講師” Nihon Keizai Shimbun Jan 8, 2015 http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDG08H89_Y5A100C1000000/
  57. ↑ 『慰安婦問題捏造記者と呼ばれて』Takashi Uemura, Bungeishunjū January edition, pp454-482
  58. ↑ “第三者委が「国際的影響」認める報告書”. Sankei News. Dec 22, 2014. 
  59. ↑ “［検証　朝日「慰安婦」報道］（４）韓国メディアと「共鳴」”. Yomiuri Shimbun. 2014-08-31. Archived from the original on 2014-08-31. 
  60. ↑ “”‘強制連行プロパガンダ’で日本の名誉傷つけた　独立検証委が報告書　’第三者委は責任回避に終始’と指摘““. Sankei Shimbun. 2015-02-19. 
  61. ↑ ““朝日慰安婦報道「事実無根のプロパガンダを内外に拡散させた」　独立検証委”.”. 夕刊フジ. 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2015-02-20. 
  62. ↑ Yomiuri Shimbun Feb 20, 2015 ver.13S p.37; chairman of the independent verification committee: Terumasa Nakanishi

See also